A boundary element method for the calculation of noise barrier insertion loss in the presence of atmospheric turbulence

Atmospheric turbulence is an important factor that limits the amount of attenuation a barrier can provide in the outdoor environment. It is therefore important to develop a reliable method to predict its effect on barrier performance. The boundary element method (BEM) has been shown to be a very effective technique for predicting barrier insertion loss in the absence of turbulence. This paper develops a simple and efficient modification of the BEM formulation to predict the insertion loss of a barrier in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. The modification is based on two alternative methods: 1) random realisations of log-amplitude and phase fluctuations of boundary sources; and 2) de-correlation of source coherence using the mutual coherence function (MCF). An investigation into the behaviours of these two methods is carried out and simplified forms of the methods developed. Some systematic differences between the predictions from the methods are found. When incorporated into the BEM formulation, the method of random realisations using only phase fluctuations and the method of MCF de-correlation provides predictions that agree well with predictions by the Parabolic Equation method and by the Scattering Cross-Section method on a variety of thin barrier configurations. Surprisingly the turbulence effect predicted by random realisations of both log-amplitude and phase fluctuations are found to be significantly stronger than those